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Abstracts
of Recent Publications |
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001-J.P. Biggerstaffa, M. Le Puilb, B.L. Weidowa,
J. Leblanc-Gridleya, E. Jenningsc, J. Busch-
Harrisc, K.L. Sublettec, D.C. Whitea & R.S.
Alberteb University of Tennessee, Knoxville,
TN, United States. A novel and in-situ
technique for the quantitative detection of
MTBE and benzene degrading bacteria in contaminated
matrices. Journal of Microbiological
Methods, 68 2007, 437–441.
A novel and in-situ technique is presented
here as a better alternative to culture-dependent
and PCR-based techniques for the quantitative
detection of predominant bacterial species involved
in the bioremediation of contaminants. It allowed
rapid, specific and in-situ identification
of Biosep®-immobilized eubacteria from MTBE-
and benzene-contaminated matrices.
Keywords:MTBE,Fueloxygenate,Bioremediation,FISH,Spectralimaging,methyl
tertbutyl ether, tert-butyl alcohol,microorganisms,
bioremediation.
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| 002-Sunday
A. Adebusoyea, Flynn W. Picardalb, Matthew O.
Iloria, Olukayode O. Amunda & Clay Fuquac,
Nathan Grindlec Department of Environmental Engineering
and Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0919,
USA. Aerobicdegradation of di-and trichlorobenzenes
by two bacteria isolated from polluted tropical
soils. Chemosphere, 66 2007,
1939–1946.
Two polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs)- degrading
bacteria were isolated by traditional enrichment
technique from electrical transformer fluid (Askarel)-contaminated
soils in Lagos, Nigeria. They were classified
and identified as Enterobacter sp. SA-2
and Pseudomonas sp. SA-6on the basis
of 16S rRNA gene analysis, in addition to standard
cultural and biochemical techniques. The strains
were able to grow extensively on dichloro- and
trichlorobenzenes. Although they failed to grow
on tetrachlorobenzenes, monochloro- and dichlorobenzoic
acids, they were able to utilize all monochlorobiphenyls,
and some dichlorobiphenyls as sole sources of
carbon and energy. The effect of incubation with
axenic cultures on the degradation of 0.9 mM 1,4-dichlorobenzene,
0.44 mM 1,2,3- and 0.43 mM 1,3,5- trichlorobenzene
in mineral salts medium was studied. Approximately,
80–90% of these xenobiotics were degraded
in 200 h, concomitant with cell increase of up
to three orders of magnitude, while generation
times ranged significantly (P < 0.05)
from 17–32 h. Catechol 1,2- dioxygenase
and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activities were detected
in crude cell-free extracts of cultures pre-grown
with benzoate, with the latter enzyme exhibiting
a slightly higher activity (0.15–0.17 mol
min-1 mg of protein-1) with catechol, suggesting
that the meta-cleavage pathway is the most readily
available catabolic route in the SA strains. The
wider substrate specificity of these tropical
isolates may help in assessing natural detoxification
processes and in designing bioremediation and
bioaugmentation methods.
Keywords:
Aerobic biodegradation, Soil pollutants, Chlorobenzene,
Enterobacter sp, Bioremediation, polychlorinated
biphenyl, Pseudomonas sp, bioremediation.
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003-
Margherita Liccianoa, Loredana Stabilia,b, Adriana
Giangrandea & Rosa Anna Cavallob Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali,
Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100- Lecce, Italy.
Bacterial accumulation by Branchiomma
luctuosum (Annel ida: Polychaeta): A tool for
biomonitoring marine systems and restoring polluted
waters. Marine Environmental Research,
63, 2007, 291–302.
In this study, we examined the bacterial accumulation
in the filter feeder polychaete Branchiomma
luctuosum GRUBE (Sabellidae).Analyses were
performed on worm homogenates from ‘unstarved’
and ‘starved’ individuals, and seawater
from the same sampling site (Gulf of Taranto,
Western Mediterranean, Italy). Densities of culturable
heterotrophic bacteria (22 oC), total
culturable bacteria at 37 oC and halophilic
vibrios at 22 and 35 oC were measured
on Marine Agar 2216, Plate Count Agar and thiosulphate-citrate-bile-saltagar
(TCBS) plus 2% NaCl, respectively. Total and faecal
coliforms as well as faecal streptococci were
determined by the Most Probable Number method.
Results showed that B.luctuosum is able
to accumulate all the considered six microbiological
groups with a higher efficiency for autochthonous
bacteria. The analysis also indicated that bacterial
groups differ in their resistant to digestion
by B. luctuosum. Our data suggest the
potential role of B. luctuosum as an
useful bioindicator to assess low levels of microbiological
water pollution as well as bioremediator of microbial
polluted waters.
Keywords: Bacterial
accumulation; Bioindicator; Bioremediation; Branchiomma
luctuosum; Faecal contamination indicators;
Filter feeding; Polychaetes; Vibrio,
bioremediation.
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004-A.K.
Friisa, E.A. Edwardsb, H.-J. Albrechtsena, K.S.
Udellc, M. Duhamelb & P.L. Bjerga, Institute
of Environment & Resources, Technical University
of Denmark, building 115, Bygningstorvet, DK-2800
Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Dechlorination after
thermal treatment of a TCEcontaminated aquifer:
Laboratory experiments. Chemosphere,
67, 2007, 816–825.
A microcosm study was conducted to evaluate dechlorination
of trichloroethene (TCE) to ethene and survival
of dechlorinating bacteria after a thermal treatment
in order to explore the potential for post-thermal
bioremediation. Unamended microcosms containing
groundwater and aquifer material from a contaminated
site dechlorinated TCE to cis-1,2-dichloroethene
(cDCE), while lactate-amended microcosms dechlorinated
TCE to cDCE or ethene. A thermal treatment was
simulated by heating a sub-set of microcosms to
100 oC for 10 d followed by cooling
to 10 oC over 150 d. The heated microcosms
demonstrated no dechlorination when unamended.
However, whenamended with lactate, cDCE was produced
in 2 out of 6 microcosms within 300 d after heating.
Dechlorination of TCE to cDCE thus occurred in
fewer heated (2 out of 12) than unheated (10 out
of 12) microcosms. In unheated microcosms, the
presence of dechlorinating microorganisms, including
Dehalococcoides, was confirmed using
nested PCR of 16S rRNA genes. Dechlorinating microorganisms
were detected in fewer microcosms after heating,
and Dehalococcoides were not detected
in any microcosms after heating. Dechlorination
may therefore be limited after a thermal treatment
in areas that have been heated to 100 oC.
Thus, inflow of groundwater containing dechlorinating
microorganisms and/or bioaugmention may be needed
for anaerobic dechlorination to occur after a
thermal treatment.
Keywords:Remediation,
Dechlorination, Groundwater, Chlorinatedethenes,
Thermal treatment, 16SrRNAgenes, Dehalococcoides,
dechlorination of trichloroethene, bioremediation.
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005-C.
Abruscia, D. Marquinaa, A. Santosa, A. Del Amob,
T. Corralesc & F. Catalinac, Departamento
de Fotoquimica de Polimeros, Instituto de Ciencia
y Tecnologia de Polimeros, C.S.I.C. Juan de la
Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. A chemiluminescence
study on degradation of gelatine Biodegradation
by bacteria and fungi isolated from cinematographic
films. Journal of Photochemistry
and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 185, 2007,
188–197.
Chemiluminescence (CL) has become a sensitive
tool for the study of polymer degradation, induced
by exposure to various factors, such us heat,
UV-light and oxygen. In this paper, the results
obtained with this technique in the study of gelatine
samples hydrolytically degraded under sterilisation
conditions are presented. Also, photographic gelatine
exposed to bacterial and fungal degradations,
in water solution and under controlled condi t
ions, have been studied by the chemiluminescence
emission of their corresponding films and the
biodegradation extent was determined by viscosity.
The bacteria and fungi employed in this work have
been isolated from cinematographic films in a
previous work. The high intensities ofchemiluminescence
emission obtained for gelatines biodegraded by
bacteria and fungi, in aqueous solution at 37
and 25 oC, respectively, are different
from those obtained from the thermal degradation.
The hydrolytic degradation mechanism is through
a cleavage of the peptide bond of the protein
without significant oxidation of the material.
In contrast, biodegradation by bacteria and fungi
at low temperatures decreases the molecular weight
of the gelatine (viscosity) by the enzymatic activity
but, also, produces an important oxidation in
the material due to the reactive oxygen species
(ROS) generated in the microbial metabolism.
Keywords:Chemiluminescence,
Photographic gelatine, Biodegradation, Hydrolytic
degradation, Sterilisation, Bacteria, Fungi, Staphylococcus,
S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. lentus, S. haemolyticus,
S. lugdunensis, biodegradation.
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| 006-Xiaojun
Li a, Peijun Lia,b, Xin Linb, Chungui Zhanga &
Qi Lia, Zongqiang Gonga, Institute of Applied
Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box
417, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
Biodegradation of aged polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) by microbial consortia in
soil and slurry phases. Journal of
Hazardous Materials, 2007, 1-6.
Microbial consortia isolated
from aged oilcontaminated soil were used to degrade
16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (15.72 mg
kg-1) in soil and slurry phases. The three microbial
consortia (bacteria, fungi and bacteria–fungi
complex) could degrade olycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), and the highest PAH removals were found
in soil and slurry inoculated with fungi (50.1%
and 55.4%, respectively). PAHs biodegradation
in slurry was lower than in soil for bacteria
and bacteria–fungi complex inoculation treatments.
Degradation of three- to five-ring PAHs treated
by consortia was observed in soil and slurry,
and the highest degradation of individual PAHs
(anthracene, fluoranthene, and benz(a)anthracene)
appeared in soi l (45.9–75.5%, 62–83.7%
and 64.5–84.5%, respectively) and slurry
(46.0–75.8%,50.2–86.1% and 54.3–85.7%,
respectively). Therefore, inoculation of microbial
consortia (bacteria, fungi and bacteria–fungi
complex) isolated from in situ contaminated soil
to degrade PAHs could be considered as a successful
method.
Keywords:PAHs,Microbialconsortia,Soil,Slurry,Degradation,Polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons,microorganisms,Pseudomonas
sp,Sphingomonas,biodegradation.
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007-Xinghui
Qiua, Qiuzan Zhonga,b, Mei Lia & Wenqin Baia,C,
Baotong Lic State Key Laboratory of Integrated
Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute
of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
100080, China. Biodegradation of p-nitrophenol
by methyl parathion-degrading Ochrobactrum sp.
B2. International Biodeterioration
& Biodegradation, 59 2007, 297–301.
Ochrobactrum sp. B2, a methyl parathiondegrading
bacterium, was proved to be capable of using p-nitrophenol
(PNP) as carbon and energy source. The effect
of factors, such as temperature, pH value, and
nutrition, on the growth of Ochrobactrum
sp. B2 and its ability to degrade p-nitrophenol
(PNP) at a higher concentration (100mgl -1)
was investigated in this study. The greatest growth
of B2 was observed at a temperature of 30 oC
and alkaline pH (pH 9–10). pH condition
was proved to be a crucial factor affecting PNP
degradation. Enhanced growth of B2 or PNP degradation
was consistent with the increase of pH in the
minimal medium, and acidic pH (6.0) did not support
PNP degradation. Addition of glucose (0.05%, 0.1%)
decreased the rate of PNP degradation even if
increased cell growth occurred. Addition of supplemental
inorganic nitrogen (ammonium chloride or ammonium
sulphate) inhibited PNP degradation, whereas organic
nitrogen (peptone, yeast extract, urea) accelerated
degradation.
Keywords:p-nitro
phenol, Biodegradation, Rhodobacter,
inorganic nitrogen, bioremediation, chrobactrum,
Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas,
biodegradation.
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008-Shankar
Congeevarama, Sridevi Dhanarania, Joonhong Parkb,
Michael Dexilina & Kaliannan Thamaraiselvia,
Laboratoire de Génétique des Procaryotes,
IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 12
rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet, 6041 Gosselies,
Belgium. Biosorption of chromium and nickel
by heavy metal resistant fungal and bacterial
isolates. Journal of Hazardous Materials,
146, 2007, 270–277.
Microorganisms play a significant role in bioremediation
of heavy metal contaminated soil and wastewater.
In this study, heavy metal resistant fungi and
bacteria were isolated from the soil samples of
an electroplating industry, and the bioaccumulations
of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) by these isolates were characterized
to evaluate their applicability for heavy metal
removal from industrial wastewaters. The optimum
pH and temperature conditions for both the growth
and heavy metal removal were determined for each
isolate. The optimal pH for fungal isolates was
lower (5–5.2) than that for bacterial isolates
(7). The observed effect(s) of pH was attributable
mainly to organism-specific physiology because
in all the tested cases the cellular growth positively
correlated with heavy metal removal. Batch and
tolerance experiments provided information for
solid retention time (SRT) design and the lethal
tolerance limits for the isolated microorganisms.
Experimental results indicated that expanded SRTs
(stationary phase) can be recommended while using
the fungal and bacterial Cr-resistant isolates
for removing chromium. In the case of Ni-resistant
bacterial isolate, a non-expanded SRT was recommended
for designing continuous-flow completely stirred
(CFCS) bioreactor so that a mid-log phase of cellular
growth can be kept during the bioaccumulation
process. The tolerance data with a high range
of heavy metal concentrations revealed the Cr-resistant
isolates, especially the fungal one, could tolerate
chromium toxicity at up to 10,000 mg L-1 chromium.
Result indicates the applicability of the isolated
Micrococcus sp. and Aspergillus
sp. for the removal of chromium and nickel from
industrial wastewater.
Keywords:Fungi,
Bacteria, Bioaccumulation, Metalbioremediation,
pH, Aspergillus sp, Temperature, tolerance, Micrococcus
sp, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas, Sporophyticus,
physiology, Bacillus , Phanerochaete
, microorganisms.
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009-Sabine
Grundmanna, Roland Fußa, Michael Schmidb,
Manuela Laschingera, Bernhard Rutha, Rainer Schulinc,
Jean Charles Muncha & Reiner Schrolla, GSF-National
Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute
of Soil Ecology, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany. Application of microbial
hot spots enhances pesticide degradation in soils.
Chemosphere, 68 2007, 511–517.
Through transfer of an active, isoproturon degrading
microbial community, pesticide mineralization
could be successfully enhanced in various soils
under laboratory and outdoor conditions. The microbes,
extracted from a soil having high native ability
to mineralize this chemical, were established
on expanded clay particles and distributed to
various soils in the form of microbial ‘‘hot
spots’’. Both, diffusion controlled
isoproturon mass flow towards these ‘‘hot
spots’’ (6 g d -1) as well
as microbial ability to mineralize the herbicides
(approximately 5 g d -1) were identified
as the main processes enabling a multiple augmentation
of the native isoproturon mineralization even
in soils with heavy metal contamination. Soil
pH-value appears to exert an important effect
on the sustainability of this process.
Keywords:
14C- isoproturon, Enhanced mineralization, Diffusion,
Microbial community, in situ, Lysimeter, microbial
pesticide degradation, 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene,
microbes and metals.
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010-Bernard
Nicolardota, Lamia Bouziria, Fabiola Bastiana
& Lionel Ranjard, Department of Biological
Sciences , Michigan Technological University ,
1400 Townsend Drive , Houghton ,MI 49931- 1295,
USA. A microcosm experiment to evaluate
the influence of location and quality of plant
residues on residue decomposition and genetic
structure of soil microbial communities.
SoilBiology & Biochemistry, 39 2007,
1631–1644.
The effects of location (soil surface vs. incorporated
in soil) and nature of plant residues on degradation
processes and indigenous microbial communities
were studied by means of soil microcosms incubation
in which the different soil zones influenced by
decomposition i.e. residues, soil adjacent to
residues (detritusphere) and distant soil unaffected
by decomposition (bulk soil) were
considered. Plant material decomposition, organic
carbon assimilation by the soil microbial biomass
and soil inorganic N dynamics were studied with
13C labelled wheat straw and young rye. The genetic
structure of the community in each soil zones
were compared between residue locations and type
by applying B- and F-ARISA (for bacterial- and
fungalautomated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis)
directly to DNA extracts from these different
zones at 50% decomposition of each residue. Both
location and biochemical quality affected residue
decomposition in soil: 21% of incorporated 13C
wheat straw and 23% left at the soil surface remained
undecomposed at the end of incubation, the corresponding
values for 13C rye being 1% and 8%. Residue decomposition
induced a gradient of microbial activity with
more labelled C incorporated into the microbial
biomass of the detritusphere. The sphere of influence
of the decomposing residues on the dynamics of
soluble organic C and inorganic N in the different
soil zones showed particular patterns which were
influenced by both residue location and quality.
Residue degradation stimulated particular genetic
structure of microbial community with a gradient
from residue to bulk soil, and more pronounced
spatial heterogeneity for fungal than for bacterial
communities. The initial residue quality strongly
affected the resulting spatial heterogeneity of
bacteria, with a significance betweenzone discrimination
for rye but weak discrimination between the detritusphere
and bulk soil, for wheat straw. Comparison of
the different detrituspheres and residue zones
(corresponding to different residue type and location),
indicated that the genetic structure of the bacterial
and fungal communities were specific to a
residue type for detritusphere and to its location
for residue, leading to conclude that the detritusphere
and residue correspond to distinct trophic and
functional niches for microorganisms.
Keywords:Biodegradation;Cropresidues;
Detritusphere; Microbial communities; Microcosms;
Carbon 13; ARISA, biodegradation.
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011-Gilles
Mirallesa, Vincent Grossia, Monique Acquavivaa,
Robert Duranb, Jean Claude Bertranda & Philippe
Cunya, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, de Geochimie
et d’Ecologie Marines , CNRS -UMR 6 11 7
, Ce n t r e d’Oceanologie de Marseille,
Campus de Luminy, Case 901, 13288 Marseille Cedex
9, France. Alkane biodegradation and dynamics
of phylogenetic subgroups of sulfate-reducing
bacteria in an anoxic coastal marine sediment
artificially cont aminated with oil.
Chemosphere, 68 2007, 1327–1334.
For 503 days, unoiled control and artificially
oiled sediments were incubated in-situ at 20 m
water depth in a Mediterranean coastal area. Degradation
of the aliphatic fraction of the oil added was
followed by GC–MS. At the same time, terminal
restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP)
of 16S rRNA encoding genes was used to detect
dynamics in the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)
community in response to the oil contamination.
Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer
sets for five generic or suprageneric groups of
SRB were used for PCR amplification of DNA extracted
from sediments. During the experiment, hydrocarbons
from C17 to C30 were significantly degraded even
in strictly anoxic sediment layers. Of the five
SRB groups, only two groups were detected in the
sediments (control and oiled), namely the Desulfococcus
– Desulfonema – Desulfosarcina
- like group and the Desulfovibrio – Desulfomicrobium
- like group. Statistical analysis of community
patterns revealed dynamic changes over time within
these two groups following the contamination.
Significant differences in community patterns
were recorded in artificially oiled compared with
control sediments.
Keywords:
Sulfate-reducing bacteria, in situ hydrocarbon
biodegradat ion, T-RFLP fingerprinting, Field
experiment, Mediterranean
Sea, Desulfococcus, biodegradation.
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| ENVIS
CENTRE Newsletter Vol.6, No 1 March 2008 |
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